USDA's REAP grants: build first, apply a year later, and at most a quarter of the cost
USDA's new rule for the Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) took effect on October 16, 2026. You now pay for and install a renewable energy system or energy efficiency project first, and apply 12 to 24 months after it is finished (up to 36 months in the first round under the new rule), with 12 months of energy data from before the project and 12 from after. Grants run from $1,500 to $500,000 for renewable energy and to $250,000 for energy efficiency, and never more than 25% of the cost. Ground-mounted solar and wind on cropland, and projects at more than one location, can no longer get a grant. State competitions are replaced by one national competition, plus one for requests of $20,000 or less.
For a rural business or farm, a REAP grant is now money back on a project already paid for, not money to start one. You need to fund the whole project first, from savings or a loan. The rule was issued "with comment period": USDA takes comments until November 2, 2026 and may still change it. The route page now carries the new figures.